Cardano: A Holochain Perspective

This has been a good year so far for Cardano. It successfully forked to become a multi-asset blockchain, enabling users to create tokens that run on Cardano natively, similar to how tokens operate on Ethereum. (Full smart-contract functionality remains on their roadmap.) Its token, ADA, became tradeable on Coinbase in mid-March. And investors lined up: the price of ADA rose 560% over Q1, the most among the CoinDesk 20, a core group of cryptocurrencies tracked by the news site. Then in April, Cardano announced a major blockchain-identity initiative in Africa, beginning with a partnership with the Ethiopian government to improve the quality of education.


Read Article: https://blog.holochain.org/cardano-a-holochain-perspective/
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I believe this article is making some unrealistic claims about holochain which weakens the articleā€™s credibility.
There is no such thing as ā€œinstantā€ latency and its quite incompatible with the notion of eventual consistency. ā€œSecondsā€ would have been more realistic and would have still made the case against Cardano.
I also donā€™t see how holochain could ever achieve live video streaming. If it ever did, it would be because it would heavely rely on actual streaming protocols like RTSP.
Handling of large-media applications is also quite questionable as you canā€™t rely on holochain alone to do this.

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Since Damien chimed in I think I will too. Personally I donā€™t really like this article. The other major issue I see with it is that it is dishonest/misleading in itā€™s criticism about Cardano. To be clear, I am not particularly interested in Cardano, nor do I hold ADA, so I have no stake in this. But my understanding is that transactions are relatively quick on Cardano, and reports of slow transactions are the fault of centralized exchanges, not the Cardano design.

Personally I think this article either needs major corrections, or should be retracted, and perhaps an acknowledgement/apology or explanation of some kind. Because it seems problematic and looks bad to me.

Edit to add: Consider the reactions you see in this post on Reddit

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This article is nothing but BS. How long has Holochain been in existence and where is it now? By the time Holochain can do all the things they said they can do, it is too late. It is easy to put in words what the capabilities are and how it is better but to get it doneā€¦ you need to compare what is working vs what is not, not imaginary capabilities.

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Ugh, apples and oranges.

Hey everyone ā€“ Thanks for the responses to my article. It took a while for this thread to work its way over to me, but here I amā€¦ and Iā€™ll make sure to monitor the Forum more closely in the future.

Responding here to the a few of the comments aboveā€¦

First to @brooks:

I have done my best to present a fair analysis; itā€™s not my intention to ā€œbadmouthā€ another project at all, let alone unfairly. At the same time, I do believe itā€™s important that people have the opportunity to understand how Holochain is different from blockchain projects. I donā€™t believe itā€™s possible to educate about Holochain thoroughly without pointing to some of the limitations of blockchain projects. This is why we are embarking on this #AHolochainPerspective series, which is scheduled to continue for at least another few articles.

That being said, I do think an edit is warranted in the article in order to clarify the matter about transaction wait times on Cardano. Itā€™s true that ā€œusers have recently reported transaction wait times on Cardano ranging from 1 to 18 hoursā€, as the discussion behind the link shows. But itā€™s also true that there may have been reasons for these wait times unrelated to the network itself. Part of the process of writing this article was to integrate input from various Holochain team members. One of my takeaways from receiving some critical feedback on this piece is that I need to more thoroughly consider the suggestions Iā€™m receiving before finalizing their inclusion, or at least their languaging, in the article.

The only other specific critique I see in the Reddit thread you linked to is about use of the word ā€œsubstantialā€ to describe Cardanoā€™s gas fees. As far as I know itā€™s unclear exactly what Cardanoā€™s gas fees will be once their network is up and running at scale. ā€œSubstantialā€ was a word designed to cover a broad range of possible costs, basically anything that adds up to a meaningful expense if anyone is doing a lot of transactions. One user on the Reddit thread said that 25 cents is not substantial, but if that kind of fee applied to every post, comment, like, share, etc in a social media platform, that absolutely would be substantial. Even for financial transacting that amount sounds quite substantial to me, especially if we want crypto to be versatile enough to use for small payments around the world.

By the way, I actually do like Cardano, and I hold ADA. I believe itā€™s a better blockchain protocol in a lot of ways. And I also think itā€™s not a stretch to say that the potential of blockchain, while substantial, is basically limited to low-throughput applications like financial services, with live-collaboration and media-intensive applications likely to remain always out of reach (unless decentralization is substantially compromised). Holochain does not have such limitations, or at least is far less limited by orders of magnitudes. Thatā€™s a story that needs to be toldā€¦ especially because, to the unfamiliar, even the word ā€˜Holochainā€™ sounds like another blockchain project.

I am curious if thereā€™s anything else about the article you ā€œdonā€™t likeā€. If itā€™s just the fact that weā€™re pointing to the limitations of another project, I donā€™t really see us changing that approach any time soon. But if thereā€™s something further about the way Iā€™ve done so, Iā€™m interested to know more.

Now to @ddd-mtl:

Re ā€œinstantā€ latency: we considered a number of word choices here, and I do stand by this one as a fitting word. Thatā€™s because you actually do write to your own source chain immediately, and thatā€™s actually what matters because your source chain is the definitive source of information on the matter. There is nothing else that happens, really, that could be considered something you are ā€œwaitingā€ for before transacting again based on your new account balance. The transaction does not need to be validated by the network. As soon as you write your transaction to your source chain, your balance is updated such that someone else may transact with you (by verifying your account balance themselves).

Re live video streaming: this is something Iā€™ve spoken about with @artbrock on numerous occasions, including in my research for this article. He reports having seen live video streaming with latency of around one minute, which is suitable, and that was on Holochainā€™s prototype, which was thousands of times slower than the current version. (Note that we do not say ā€œinstantā€ hereā€¦ itā€™s reasonable to expect a bit of latency in video streaming, in both centralized and decentralized environments.)

Re large media applications: again, my understanding is that, actually, you can. Iā€™ve spoken with Art extensively about this as well. What suggests to you that ā€œyou cannot rely on Holochain aloneā€ for large-media applications?

In conclusion:

Itā€™s essential to me that Holochain communicate with rigorous integrity to the absolute best of its ability, and itā€™s doubly essential to me that I do. I appreciate the checks and balances showing up here in the community, and itā€™s causing me to look at how I can improve my processes. At the same time, drawing a comparison between Holochain and blockchain projects ā€“ including pointing out the limitations of the latter ā€“ does not itself constitute unrigorous communication, in my view.

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Hi @joshmzemel

Iā€™ll just clarify on the last point concerning large-media apps.
Artā€™s latest medium post said one year of Twitter would required 20 GB of storage space so imagine how much one year of Youtube would require. It would make more sense to offload the file storage to a dedicated solution (S3, IPFS, bittorrentā€¦) and bridge with it. This is what I meant by not relying on Holochain alone.
I believe Iā€™m not stating anything new here.
Back in the Holochain proto days, there was an explicit list of things not suitable to do on Holochain. As you can see ā€œlarge filesā€ is on that list, and I donā€™t see why it shouldnā€™t be since the reasoning was based on Holochainā€™s architecture which hasnā€™t changed since.

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@ddd-mtl What about ā€œchunkingā€ large 720p video files (as a Holochain entry) into many 1-minute long 720p video files (many tiny Holochain entries)? Yeah, forget adaptive bitrates and runtime video-transcoding (basically all the things a media server does); theyā€™d have a very hard time modeling a media server as a Holochain role that an agent with a powerful machine might take (though theoretically even this should be possible). However, even forgetting real-time video transcoding, seeing that high speed 5G connection speeds should soon be the norm everywhere, I think simply storing ā€œnormalā€ high-res video files in small chunks as entries with enough redundancy so as to allow millions of leechers to simultaneously watch a video by ā€˜getā€™ting those little 1-minute chunks every 1 minute, saving them as video files, and simultaneously deleting them from their device after watching, should be enough to make HoloTube a possibilityā€¦ Also, nothing should stop people from running Holochain nodes on huge data centers (or on the cloud); a HoloTube with a total capacity of an exabyte is not that far-fetched! The only thing Holochain fundamentally lacks so as to be able to realize such a scenario is an out-of-the-box incentive system, as in: why should I store so much of othersā€™ data when I myself produce negligible data from my sideā€¦ [Kinda like a negative externalityā€¦] Ethereum for example has gas fees, and Ether as their compensation money. But I personally think it is another of Holochainā€™s plus-point, in that they provide the bare minimum with which to realize almost any use-case (apart from Machine Learning, AI, recommendation systems, live video-calls, etc, which do warrant being offloaded to other systems). All HoloTube will need apart from the bare minimums that Holochain framework provides is a financial layer on top of it so as to be able to compensate those who actually hold and host those video chunks. Instead of the naive ā€˜getā€™ requests to fetch the video-chunk, a leecher would first have to get the hashes of the chunks that make up the video he wants to watch, then do another ā€˜getā€™ that retrieves him a list of nodes who claim to be in possession of the video-chunk along with the monetary amount that theyā€™d charge him for the chunkā€™s delivery, then do a remote-call with the cheapest provider to actually fetch the video-chunk, only to finally pay them the said amount for the chunkā€™s successful delivery. Or perhaps you pay the provider first, then get the opportunity to remote-call with them (taking along with you the proof of payment); the providers being players of repeat dealings, thus it being in their best interest to play nicely to earn positive reviews (which a leecher should be able to leave if they have a proof of payment; thus, if a provider takes my money then goes offline, I should be able to downvote it with my proof-of-payment as my validation package)ā€¦ So yeah, without advertisements, HoloTube probably wouldnā€™t be free (unless you yourself host video-chunks as well, thus canceling your expense incurred by binge-watching with your hosting income), but it definitely can be a reality, all without ever having to resort to Ethereum Swarm, AMZ S3, LivePeer, commercial CDNs, etcā€¦

TLDR: Holochain Yolochain; haha.

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Perhaps @artbrock might like to weigh in here?

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Hey Damien ( @ddd-mtl ),

Yeahā€¦ When I wrote those guidelines in 2017, I was trying to discourage people from thinking of Holochain as just file storage or global token state management, and trying to get them to think in terms of data driven apps.

But you can certainly use Holochain for file storage as long as people know thatā€™s what theyā€™re getting into. Ifā€™ Iā€™m gonna run the media-server DNA for a YouTube like apps, then I know Iā€™m gonna be storing and streaming a lot of data. Youā€™ll have to break the videos into no larger than 16GB chunks because of the size limitations on entries (which happens to match size on websocket transfers without additional stitching).

Youā€™ll not cryptocurrencies are on that list and weā€™re also rolling out HoloFuelā€¦ just not as a token-centric currency implementation, but as agent-centric accounting.

-art

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Hey @artbrock :slight_smile: I think you meant 16MB instead of 16GB, just pointing it out because this thread could be visited by lots of people.

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